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1.
Acta odontol. venez ; 50(1): 19-29, 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: lil-676734

ABSTRACT

Las complicaciones estomatológicas (CE) en pacientes VIH+ muchas veces constituyen los primeros signos clínicos de la enfermedad, pudiendo funcionar como señalizadores del curso y progresión de la infección por el VIH y el SIDA. Este estudio evaluó la prevalencia de lesiones orales en pacientes VIH+ del Hospital de Enfermedades Infectocontagiosas Gizelda Trigueiro, en Natal-RN, Brasil y correlacionarlas con factores socio-demográficos como el sexo, edad, forma de contagio y status inmunológico. De acuerdo con los criterios de la EC-CLEARINGHOUSE/WHO, a través de examen clínico oral y conteo de células T CD4+ fueron evaluados 121 pacientes VIH+. Las lesiones más frecuentes fueron candidiasis (45.2%), leucoplasia vellosa (16.1%), eritema gingival linear (16.1%), herpes labial (12.9%), periodontitis necrosante (6.5%) y gingivitis necrosante (3.2%), ocurriendo con mayor frecuencia en hombres entre las edades de 30 a 44 años, que adquirieron el VIH a través de contacto sexual. Basado en los resultados de este estudio concluyese que hubo una prevalencia del perfil de complicaciones estomatológicas comúnmente relatado en la literatura. Las lesiones estuvieron asociadas a la reducción del número de células TCD4+, representando, por lo tanto marcadores de la progresión de la infección por el virus y/o de falla de la HAART, siendo así, un exhaustivo examen oral es importante en la evaluación clínica y acompañamiento de pacientes con VIH.


The stomatologic complications due to VIH infection are, a lot of times, the first clinical signs of the disease. These injuries may also function as beepers and sentries of the curse and progression of the VIH infection and SIDA. The objective of this work was to evaluate the prevalence of the oral injuries in VIH positive patients from the Hospital of Infected contagious Gizelda Trigueiro in Natal-RN, Brazil, and correlate them with demographic factors such as gender, age, form of VIH infection and immune status (T CD4+ cells). According to the criteria of EC-CLEARINGHOUSE/WHO, through clinical oral examination and T CD4+ cell count 121 patients were evaluated. The oral candidiasis was the most common lesion (45.2%), followed by oral hairy leukoplakia (16.1%), linear gingival erythema (16.1%), lips herpes (12.9%), necrotizing periodontitis (6.5%) and necrotizing gingivitis (3.2%), occurring predominantly in men between the ages 30 to 44 years, who acquired VIH infection through sexual contact. Based on the results of this study, concluded that there was a prevalence of the stomatologic complications profile that is commonly reported in the literature. These changes were associated with a decrease in the number of CD4+ T cells, representing markers of the infection progression and / or failure of HAART, so a thorough oral examination is important in clinical evaluation and follow up of patients with VIH.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , HIV , Mouth Diseases/complications , Mouth Diseases/diagnosis , Mouth Diseases/immunology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology , Candidiasis, Oral/pathology , Gingival Diseases/pathology , Herpes Labialis/pathology , Periodontitis/pathology
2.
Odontol. clín.-cient ; 9(1): 13-18, jan.-mar. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-541601

ABSTRACT

O presente artigo tem como objetivo abordar aspectos éticos inerentes à prática odontológica, que pressupõe o respeito aos interesses do indivíduo e da coletividade, tendo em vista o grande desenvolvimento tecnológico e de novas abordagens terapêuticas. Além disso, visa formar profissionais humanistas, capazes de transformar a realidade em benefício para a sociedade. Na história da Odontologia brasileira, a rotina da discussão e reflexão ética sobre pesquisas em seres humanos é algo bastante recente. As pesquisas com seres humanos são práticas corriqueiras na área odontológica. A análise dos riscos e benefícios, a obediência a normas e tratados internacionais sobre o tema são imprescendíveis. Existe muita discussão quanto à estratégia a ser utilizada para a inserção desses conteúdos no ensino da graduação e pós-graduação, mas há o consenso no que diz respeito à relevância destes. Face ao exposto, iremos abordar uma revisão não sistemática da literatura, mostrando a importância e o contexto atual desta matéria.


This article has the purpose of address ethical aspects of the dental practice, which presupposes respect to the interests of the individual and collective, in times of great technology development and new therapeuthic approaches. Furthemore, aims to train humanists professionals, able to transforming the reality for the society benefit. In the Brazilian Dentistry history, the routine of ethic discussion and reflection about human researchs is quite recent. The research with humans are occurring in the dental practice. The analysis of risks and benefits, compliance to standards and international treaties about the topic are essentials. There is much debate about the strategy that is being used for the insertion of these contents in the teaching of graduate and undergraduate, but there is a consensus regarding the relevance of this subject. Consequently, we will discuss a non-systematic review of literature, showing the importance and the current circumstances of this matter.


Subject(s)
Bioethics , Biocompatible Materials
3.
J. bras. patol. med. lab ; 45(3): 233-238, jun. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-523355

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar uma análise clínica e morfológica em lesões orais com potencial de malignização. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Os dados clínicos e morfológicos referentes a tais lesões foram obtidos a partir das fichas clínicas e dos laudos histopatológicos, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: Dos 205 casos analisados, a lesão mais prevalente foi a leucoplasia (70,7 por cento), seguida da queilite actínica (16,1 por cento), eritroplasia (9,8 por cento) e eritroleucoplasia (3,4 por cento). Verificou-se uma associação significativa entre o sexo e as lesões (p < 0,001), sendo o sexo feminino mais prevalente nas leucoplasias e eritroplasias. A raça branca foi mais acometida em todas as lesões. Quanto à localização anatômica, o rebordo alveolar prevaleceu na leucoplasia (21 por cento), na eritroplasia e eritroleucoplasia, o palato foi mais acometido com 47,4 por cento e 57,1 por cento, respectivamente. Com relação à idade, não houve diferença significativa entre as lesões (p > 0,05), sendo mais frequentes nas quinta, sexta e sétima décadas de vida. Observou-se que, na maioria dos casos de eritroplasias e eritroleucoplasias, os diagnósticos clínicos foram incompatíveis com o morfológico. Verificou-se associação significativa entre transformação maligna e lesões (p < 0,001), pois a eritroplasia apresentou uma taxa de malignização de 20 por cento, enquanto na leucoplasia o índice foi de 2,1 por cento. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência das lesões orais com potencial de malignização foi semelhante ao encontrado na literatura, mas com algumas diferenças em relação ao perfil epidemiológico das mesmas, ressaltando-se que estas entidades merecem uma atenção especial por parte do clínico, especialmente as eritroplasias, que apresentaram um elevado percentual de malignização e o maior índice de equívocos no diagnóstico clínico.


OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to perform a clinical and morphological analysis of potentially malignant oral lesions. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The clinical and morphological data related to these lesions were obtained from clinical and histopathological records, respectively. RESULTS: Out of 205 cases, the most prevalent lesion was oral leukoplakia (70.7 percent), followed by actinic cheilitis (16.1 percent), erythroplakia (9.8 percent) and erythroleukoplakia (3.4 percent). There was a significant association between the lesions and gender (p < 0.001). The female gender was the most affected in leukoplakias and erythroplakias. Caucasians were mostly affected in all conditions. As far as anatomical location is concerned, the alveolar ridge was the most prevalent site in oral leukoplakias (21 percent); the palate was the most affected in erythroplakia (47.4 percent) and erythroleukoplakia (57.1 percent). There was no significant difference among the lesions as to age (p > 0.05), although they were more frequent in the 5th, 6th and 7th decades of life. In most cases of erythroplakias and erythroleukoplakias, it was observed that clinical and morphological diagnoses were incompatible. There was a significant association between malignant transformation and lesions (p < 0.001) as the erythroplakia presented a malignization rate of 20 percent, whereas in leukoplakias the rate was 2.1 percent. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of potentially malignant oral lesions was similar to other findings in the medical literature, but with some differences in their epidemiological profile. It is important to highlight that these entities require further medical investigation, mainly erythroplakias, which showed high risk of malignization and the highest rate of clinical misdiagnosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Erythroplasia/diagnosis , Precancerous Conditions/pathology , Leukoplakia, Oral/diagnosis , Mouth Neoplasms/pathology , Cheilitis/diagnosis , Age and Sex Distribution , Ethnic Distribution , Prevalence
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